1. Introduction to BMS
Battery management system (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM), or BMS, is the link between the battery and the user, mainly for secondary batteries.
Secondary batteries have the following disadvantages, such as low energy storage, short life, series and parallel use problems, security of use, battery power estimation difficulties, etc. The performance of batteries is complex and the characteristics of different types of batteries vary greatly.
Battery management systems (BMS) are designed to improve battery utilisation, prevent overcharging and overdischarging, extend battery life and monitor battery status. As the BMS develops, other functions will be added.
2. BMS functions
Battery management systems can be used in electric vehicles, underwater robots, etc. In general, battery management systems are designed to achieve the following functions.
(1) Accurate estimation of SOC.
Accurately estimate the state of charge (State of Charge, SOC) of the power battery pack, i.e. the remaining battery capacity, to ensure that the SOC is maintained within a reasonable range, to prevent damage to the battery due to over-charging or over-discharging, and to forecast the amount of energy left in the hybrid battery or the state of charge of the battery at any time.
(2) Dynamic monitoring.
During the charging and discharging process, the terminal voltage and temperature of each battery in the EV battery pack, the charging and discharging currents and the total battery pack voltage are collected in real time to prevent overcharging or overdischarging of the battery. It is also possible to provide timely information on the condition of the batteries and to identify problematic batteries to maintain the reliability and efficiency of the entire battery pack, making it possible to implement a residual power estimation model. In addition to this, it is also necessary to build up a history of each battery to provide data for further optimisation and development of new types of electricity, chargers, motors etc., and to provide a basis for off-line analysis of system faults.
The battery charging and discharging process usually uses a higher accuracy and better stability of the electric flu detector to carry out the implementation of the test, the general current is based on the different front-end current size of the BMS, to select the corresponding sensor, the range for approaching, for example, 400A, usually using the open-loop principle, domestic and foreign manufacturers are used to withstand low temperature, high temperature, strong vibration JCE400-ASS electric flu detector, select the sensor needs to meet the characteristics of high accuracy and fast response time.
(3) Equalisation between batteries.
This is the equalisation of a single battery charge, so that each battery in the battery pack achieves a balanced and consistent state. Equalisation is a key technology for battery energy management systems that is currently being researched and developed around the world.
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-- Marcus Groll，A Charging Station Owner in UKRAINE
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