A few days ago, Hainan power grid through the sharing model, cooperation to build a common exchange station, will be in the charging and exchange station site to build, electric vehicles and grid interaction, clean energy consumption and other business areas to carry out cooperation, and jointly promote the construction of Hainan new energy vehicle charging and exchange infrastructure "a network" operation mode.
According to the "clean energy vehicle development plan of Hainan Province", the sale of fuel cars will be completely banned from 2030. This means that in the next 10 years, electric vehicles will be a huge incremental market in Hainan. The impact of the high-density scale commissioning of electric vehicles and ev charging piles on the power grid, especially the distribution grid, cannot be underestimated. "Utilized well, it will add a lot of flexible and controllable resources to the power system; utilized poorly, it may also form a huge impact on the power grid." Industry insiders said.
As a clean energy demonstration island, Hainan can in the field of vehicle network interaction to map out the first experience?
More test of the grid's flexible deployment capacity
Data show that in the first quarter of this year, Hainan province hydropower, wind power, photovoltaic power generation and other clean energy online power 1.142 billion kilowatt hours, an increase of 42.48%, to achieve clean energy all consumption.
Compared to wind farms and photovoltaic power plants, electric vehicles are smaller, more fragmented energy units. In the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) scenario, the grid's ability to accept and flexibly deploy is more tested.
Recently, the reporter found in Hainan interview, most of the local dropshipping express cars began to use new energy lithium-ion vehicles. A number of drivers told the reporter that although there are not particularly many charging piles in urban areas, along the highway and in the countryside, the distribution of charging piles is relatively dense and convenient for charging.
A Hainan ev charging stations enterprise responsible person told reporters, Hainan power grid and new energy car enterprises to join forces, not only let new energy vehicles to the countryside, at the same time let the new energy charging pile to the countryside. Government authorities are also working to crack the charging pile construction and operation of various problems, and actively promote the development of the charging pile market.
In this regard, Hainan Power Grid Company Emerging Business Department Zhang Lulu said, Hainan Power Grid will give full play to the advantages of electric vehicle business double main body, accelerate the charging pile distribution work, the annual investment in the construction of charging terminals more than 1,000, continue to optimize and improve the island-wide charging network. It will also ensure that the availability of the company's charging piles is raised to 90% by the end of the year and that charging volumes increase by 50% year-on-year.
Challenges to the distribution network are particularly evident
According to a report by the State Grid Energy Research Institute, the aggregated charging of electric vehicles may lead to load strain in local areas, and the superimposition of charging times for electric vehicles or charging behaviour during peak power load hours will increase the burden on the distribution grid.
"On the one hand, as existing public distribution grids and customer-side distribution facilities were not built with EV charging needs in mind, the development of EVs has created a demand for capacity expansion and renovation of local distribution grids in some areas." Related sources from the State Grid Energy Research Institute said, "On the other hand, the scattered layout of equipment for such high-power, non-linear loads as electric vehicle charging facilities can generate high harmonic currents and inrush voltages, and there are problems such as users pulling private wires and flying wires for charging, which brings greater challenges to the power grid company's distribution side management."
Head Leopard Institute analyst Zhou Weijun told reporters that when electric vehicles are charged centrally, the grid load increases and voltage deviation increases due to the restrictive nature of power distribution, making the grid network losses increasing and leading to lower transmission efficiency and power supply quality. In addition, when a large number of electric vehicles are charging in a disorderly manner, the peak electricity consumption of the daily load curve will change, and the prediction error of the load curve of the traditional model will become larger, which will have a huge impact on the power dispatch and operation of the grid.
"In the face of increased electricity load, the grid should first guide charging pile users to coordinate charging and avoid charging at peak electricity consumption times. Secondly, the stability and flexibility of the grid can be improved through the development of V2G technology, while avoiding wasted resources." Zhou Weijun explained, "V2G refers to the use of a large number of electric vehicles as energy storage carriers, so that when the grid load is too high, the electric vehicles can reverse the power feed to the grid. When the grid load is low, electric vehicles are charged and discharged in both directions between the electric vehicles and the grid through orderly charging."
Synergy can be formed with new energy storage
Up to now, the proportion of clean energy installed in Hainan Province has increased to 68.9% (including pumped storage and gas power), with gas power, nuclear power and photovoltaic accounting for 16.8%, 14.6% and 14.3% respectively. With a large number of gas and new energy sources connected to the grid during the 14th Five-Year Plan, Hainan's installed clean energy capacity will be further increased.
According to the Clean Energy Vehicle Development Plan of Hainan Province, by 2025, a total of 337,000 charging piles will be built in Hainan Province; by 2030, a total of 940,000 charging piles will be built in Hainan Province.
On one side, the new energy installation is rising, and on the other side, the growth of electric vehicles is gradually released. In the industry's view, if the right measures are taken, the huge increase in electric vehicles will help promote greater consumption of clean energy, making the two complement each other.
In the opinion of these people, the "car-pile-net" interaction can significantly reduce the impact on the maximum load of the grid, promote the coordinated operation of demand-side resources, maximize the consumption of new energy and reduce the cost of distribution network construction and transformation.
According to Peng Xin, an analyst at the Head Leopard Institute, to solve the problem of abundant power and load, the grid can start from two aspects: on the one hand, from the power supply side, seeking new sources of power supply in advance, while upgrading and increasing the capacity of the grid infrastructure; on the other hand, from the transmission side, the disorderly charging of electric vehicles will increase the peak load of the whole network, while causing transmission blockages, insufficient transmission capacity and increased transmission power. The problem of increased transmission power. "Therefore, the grid needs to promote orderly charging in parallel with the construction of charging piles, cultivate owners' awareness of staggered peak charging by implementing flexible EV charging tariffs, while conducting orderly charging pilots at public charging piles and gradually promoting them.
"In the future, distributed renewable energy, electric vehicles and energy storage are three mutually coordinated businesses. Among them, electric vehicles may become a positive or negative influence factor, and how to use the positive effect of orderly charging of electric vehicles for distribution grids requires a more scientific integration between the three." A researcher from the National Development and Reform Commission said.
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